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The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, also known as the Deming cycle or Shewhart cycle, is an iterative four-step management method used for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products. It is a foundational principle in quality management and business process improvement.

The first step, Plan, involves identifying a problem or opportunity for improvement, analyzing the current situation, and developing a plan for change. This includes setting objectives, defining metrics, and outlining the specific actions to be taken. The second step, Do, is the implementation of the plan. This is where the changes are put into practice, often on a small scale or as a pilot test. The results of the implementation are then collected.

The third step, Check, involves monitoring and evaluating the results of the implemented plan. This includes comparing the actual outcomes against the planned objectives and identifying any deviations or unexpected outcomes. Data collected during the Do phase is crucial here. The final step, Act, is to take action based on the findings from the Check phase. If the plan was successful, the changes are standardized and implemented more broadly. If the plan did not achieve the desired results, further analysis is conducted, and a new plan is developed, starting the cycle again. This iterative nature ensures that processes are continually refined and improved over time.