Pfropfs

Pfropfs are grafted plant sections used in horticulture to join a scion to a rootstock, producing a single plant that combines desirable traits from both genotypes. The union relies on the alignment of the vascular cambium of scion and rootstock, which allows tissues to fuse as the Pfropf grows.

The term Pfropf derives from the German pfropfen, meaning to graft. Pfropfs is the plural form; in English-language horticulture the term grafts is more common, but Pfropfs appears in German-language texts and in some multilingual guides.

Pfropfs are produced by several grafting methods, including cleft grafts, whip-and-tongue grafts, bark grafts, and budding (including T-budding). The method chosen depends on the plant species, season, and vigor. In practice, Pfropfs are selected to combine a vigorous rootstock with a scion that bears desirable fruit, flowers, or growth characteristics.

Applications include propagation of fruit trees and ornamentals, enabling rapid multiplication of cultivars, controlling tree size through rootstock selection, and improving stress tolerance or disease resistance by combining traits. Pfropfs also allow the reuse of roots in cases where the rootstock is better adapted to local soil or climate conditions.

Successful Pfropfs require compatible scion and rootstock, proper alignment of cambium, clean cuts, and environmental conditions that support healing, such as adequate moisture and protection from desiccation. After grafting, wraps or wax are used to seal and retain humidity until union forms; protection from pests and temperature fluctuations is often necessary.

Historically, grafting has been practiced for centuries in many cultures, enabling propagation of desirable varieties and standardization in orchards and nurseries. Pfropfs remain central to modern horticulture, especially for fruit trees, roses, and other perennials, enabling reliable propagation and cultivar integrity.