Pettai

Pettai is a traditional form of indentured labor prevalent in South India, particularly in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka. The term "pettai" is derived from the Tamil word "pettaikar," which refers to the master or employer of the indentured laborer. This system was prevalent during the colonial era, with indentured laborers being recruited from rural areas and sent to work in plantations, mines, and other industries in urban centers.

The indentured laborers, known as "pettaikarar," were typically young men and women who agreed to work for a specified period, usually three to seven years, in exchange for passage to the destination and a small stipend. They were bound by a contract that outlined their duties and obligations. The pettai system was a form of bonded labor, with the laborers being subject to the control and authority of their employers.

The pettai system was criticized for its exploitative nature, with laborers often facing harsh working conditions, low wages, and limited freedom. Efforts were made by various social reformers and government initiatives to abolish this system, leading to its gradual decline in the mid-20th century. Today, the pettai system is largely a historical artifact, but its legacy continues to influence labor practices and social dynamics in South India.