Petrokeemiatööstus

Petrokeemiatööstus, also known as the petrochemical industry, is a global sector that produces chemicals derived from petroleum and natural gas. These raw materials are transformed through various refining and chemical processes into a vast array of intermediate and end products. The primary feedstocks, crude oil and natural gas, are first processed to separate them into basic components like naphtha, ethane, propane, and butane.

These components then undergo further chemical transformations, such as cracking and reforming, to produce essential building blocks. Key petrochemicals include olefins like ethylene and propylene, and aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. These intermediates are fundamental to the production of countless materials that are integral to modern life.

The applications of petrochemicals are extremely diverse. They are the foundation for plastics, which are used in everything from packaging and construction to automotive parts and electronics. Synthetic fibers, derived from petrochemicals, are used in clothing, carpets, and textiles. Solvents, fertilizers, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic rubber also rely heavily on petrochemicals as their primary ingredients or manufacturing aids. The industry is a significant contributor to the global economy, providing essential materials for numerous other manufacturing sectors and supporting a wide range of consumer goods.