Perusmittaustyyppejä

Perusmittaustyyppejä refers to the basic types of soil found in Finland, which are influenced by the country's climate, geology, and vegetation. The most common soil types in Finland are:

Podzols are the most widespread soil type in Finland, covering about 60% of the country's land area. They are characterized by a dark, organic-rich upper layer (humus horizon) and a lighter, mineral-rich lower layer (podzol horizon). This type of soil is common in boreal forests and is known for its high nutrient content.

Mulls are found in areas with a long history of cultivation, such as in the southern parts of Finland. They are well-drained and have a high content of organic matter. Mulls are typically found in agricultural areas and are highly productive for plant growth.

Peat soils are found in areas with high rainfall and poor drainage, such as in the northern parts of Finland. They are characterized by a high content of organic matter and a low content of minerals. Peat soils are common in bogs and mires and are used for peat extraction.

Podzolic soils are a subtype of podzols found in areas with a long history of forestry. They are characterized by a dark, organic-rich upper layer and a lighter, mineral-rich lower layer, similar to podzols. However, podzolic soils have a higher content of iron and aluminum oxides in the lower layer.

In addition to these basic types, Finland also has other soil types such as gleys, which are found in areas with poor drainage, and rankers, which are found in areas with a high content of organic matter and a low content of minerals. These soil types are influenced by the unique environmental conditions of Finland, including its long, cold winters and short, cool summers.