Peruskoulussa

Peruskoulussa refers to Finland’s nine-year basic education, a compulsory, publicly funded stage that follows preschool and precedes upper secondary education. The system is organized by municipalities, with support from the state, and is designed to provide equal opportunities for all children. Children usually begin first grade around age seven and complete ninth grade around age 15 or 16. The Finnish National Agency for Education defines the national core curriculum, while municipalities and schools adapt it through local curricula.

Curriculum and structure: The National Core Curriculum sets learning goals across subjects and cross-curricular competencies, including critical thinking, collaboration, and information literacy. Core subjects include mother tongue and literature (Finnish or Swedish), a second national language, mathematics, environmental studies and sciences, as well as arts, crafts, and music; physical education; and religion or ethics. In practice, schools offer additional languages and elective courses. Instruction emphasizes inclusive pedagogy, student well-being, and individualized planning through personal learning plans.

Assessment and support: Education in peruskoulu is primarily teacher-led and relies on continuous assessment and feedback rather than standardized exams for the nine years. A student’s progress is recorded in student progress records and annual reports. Special education services are available to students with additional needs, including tailored curricula, support staff, and individual learning plans. Inclusion aims to enable all students to participate fully in class activities and attain the curriculum goals.

Transition and outcomes: Upon completing peruskoulua, students can continue to upper secondary education, either in lukio (general upper secondary) or vocational institutes, depending on interests and results. The matriculation examination at the end of lukio serves as a common university entry path. The peruskoulu emphasizes equity, well-being, and preparation for lifelong learning, with ongoing reforms addressing digital learning, pedagogy, and inclusion.