Peruanos

Peruanos are people from Peru or of Peruvian descent. The term covers citizens of Peru as well as members of the Peruvian diaspora. Peru's population is highly diverse, reflecting Indigenous, mestizo, Afro-Peruvian, and immigrant heritages.

Ethnic composition includes Indigenous peoples such as Quechua and Aymara, who have long-standing communities in the highlands; Mestizos, who form the largest group; Afro-Peruvians, especially along the coast; and communities of European and Asian origin in urban areas.

Language: Spanish is the most widely spoken language. Quechua and Aymara are official languages in regions where they are predominant, and Peru recognizes multilingualism in law and education.

Geography and culture: Peru spans the Andes, the Amazon basin, and the Pacific coast. This diversity is reflected in Peruvian culture and cuisine—ceviche, lomo saltado, ají de gallina; Andean and Afro-Peruvian music; traditional dances; festivals such as Inti Raymi in Cusco.

History: The territory was home to ancient civilizations like Caral and the Inca Empire before Spanish conquest in the 16th century. It gained independence in 1821. In modern times, Peru has been characterized by social and economic changes, migration, and urbanization.

Diaspora: Peruvian communities exist worldwide, including in the United States and Spain, with notable populations in Italy, Japan, Argentina, and Chile. These communities contribute to cultural exchange and remittance flows.