Perfluorpolymeren

Perfluorpolymeren, or perfluoropolymers, are a class of fluoropolymers in which most hydrogen atoms in the polymer backbone or side chains are replaced by fluorine. This gives them exceptional chemical inertness, high thermal stability, very low surface energy, and excellent dielectric properties, making them suitable for demanding industrial and consumer applications.

The most common members are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoralkoxy alkane (PFA), and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE). PTFE is the best-known perfluoropolymer and is renowned for its non-stick behavior and high melting point, but it is difficult to process because of its very high melt viscosity, so it is typically processed by paste extrusion and sintering. FEP and PFA are melt-processable and can be extruded or injection molded, enabling coatings and complex shapes. ETFE is a copolymer used in films and architectural glazing, offering a combination of chemical resistance and toughness.

Manufacture generally involves polymerization of fluorinated monomers such as tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and its copolymers. PTFE is produced by suspension polymerization and requires specialized processing, while FEP, PFA and ETFE are prepared for melt processing and conventional fabrication methods.

Properties and performance include outstanding resistance to most chemicals, wide operating temperature ranges (PTFE can endure heat well above 250°C in inert environments), low friction and excellent barrier properties to gases and liquids. These features underpin diverse applications such as non-stick coatings for cookware, seals and gaskets in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, liner materials for aggressive fluids, wire insulation, and architectural films.

Environmental and safety considerations focus on persistence of fluorinated polymers, potential off-gassing at high temperatures, and historical use of processing aids; modern production emphasizes reduced emissions and responsible disposal.