Perca

Perca is a genus of freshwater fishes in the family Percidae, comprising several species commonly referred to as perches. The most familiar members are the European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and the yellow perch (Perca flavescens).

Perca species are native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America, where they inhabit lakes, rivers, and slow-moving streams with aquatic vegetation. They favor clear waters and can form schools when young; adults may be more solitary or form small groups.

Description: Perches of the genus Perca are typically laterally compressed and have olive to brown coloration with vertical dark bars or blotches along the sides. They possess two dorsal fins, with the first bearing spines, and a small terminal mouth. Body size varies by species, but individuals commonly range from about 15 to 25 cm, with larger specimens reaching 30 cm or more.

Ecology and diet: Young perch feed largely on zooplankton and invertebrates, while adults are opportunistic omnivores that eat small fish, insects, and crustaceans.

Reproduction: Spawning occurs in spring over vegetation or submerged substrates. Eggs are adhesive and laid in batches; there is typically little to no parental care, and larvae hatch after several days and grow rapidly under favorable conditions.

Uses and distribution: Perca species are important as game fish in many regions and have been introduced widely outside their native ranges, sometimes impacting native species and ecosystems. Conservation status varies by species and location.

Taxonomy: The genus includes several described species; ongoing taxonomic work and population-level studies may revise the exact number and boundaries of species within Perca.