Peitekasvina

Peitekasvina is a term used in Finnish agronomy to describe any plant or mixture of plants grown primarily to cover the soil surface. Used in agricultural and horticultural settings, peitekasvina functions as a protective cover to reduce erosion, suppress weeds, and improve soil health.

Peitekasvina species typically form a dense mat with shallow root systems that hold soil, contribute organic matter, and shade weeds. They are often annuals but may be perennials in milder climates. They can be leguminous, fixing atmospheric nitrogen, or non-leguminous, providing rapid biomass.

Common peitekasvina types include leguminous clover (Trifolium spp.), vetch (Vicia spp.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and non-leguminous grasses such as rye (Secale cereale), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oats (Avena sativa), or flowering species like phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia). Mixtures are frequently used to balance biomass, nitrogen fixation, and pest attraction.

Management involves sowing in fall or early spring within rotations, then terminating before the main crop is planted. Termination methods include mowing, rolling, or herbicide application. Residual mulch from the peitekasvina is often left on the soil surface or incorporated to boost soil organic matter and moisture retention.

Benefits include reduced soil erosion, improved infiltration, reduced nutrient leaching, and enhanced soil structure. Peitekasvina can support beneficial insects and suppress weeds. Drawbacks can include competition for water and nutrients with subsequent crops, possible harboring of pests, and the need for careful timing within regional climate and cropping systems.