Patovoimalaitokset

Patovoimalaitokset, also known as pumped-storage hydroelectric power plants, are a type of energy storage system that utilizes hydroelectric power. They consist of two water reservoirs at different elevations, connected by a tunnel or pipeline. During periods of low electricity demand and surplus energy, water is pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir. This process stores potential energy in the elevated water. When electricity demand is high, the stored water is released from the upper reservoir back to the lower reservoir through turbines, generating electricity.

The primary function of patovoimalaitokset is to balance the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. They can quickly ramp up or down their power output to meet fluctuating grid demands. This makes them crucial for grid stability and reliability. The efficiency of pumped-storage systems is generally high, with round-trip efficiencies typically ranging from 70% to 85%. The environmental impact is mainly related to the construction of reservoirs and associated infrastructure, which can affect local ecosystems. However, compared to other large-scale energy storage technologies, they are considered a mature and proven solution.