Pathcontrole

Pathcontrole, or path control, is a class of control strategies designed to make a dynamic system follow a predefined path or trajectory. The path is usually specified as a geometric curve in a plane or space, parameterized by arc length or time. The goal is to minimize deviations from the path while respecting safety and performance constraints.

Control relies on a model of the system and a measure of path-following error, commonly including lateral (cross-track) error and heading error. The controller computes actuator commands to reduce these errors, often with separate longitudinal control to regulate speed along the path.

Several approaches exist, including pure pursuit, which commands a steering toward a look-ahead point on the path; the Stanley controller, which combines cross-track error with heading error; and model predictive control, which formulates a constrained optimization over a horizon. LQR-based methods use linearized models to minimize a quadratic cost of errors.

Pathcontrole is used in autonomous vehicles, mobile robots in warehouses, and CNC or robotics systems that must trace complex contours. In each domain, the path may be static or time-varying, and controllers must handle sensor noise, disturbances, and actuator limits. Speed planning and path re-planning often accompany path tracking.

Key challenges include dynamic obstacles, changing curvature, and latency. Variants integrate obstacle avoidance, adaptive gain tuning, and multi-robot coordination to maintain safe, smooth path following. See also: path planning, trajectory tracking, feedback control.