Parietaaliset

Parietaaliset is a Finnish term that denotes things related to the parietal region and can refer to several anatomical contexts. In medical and biological usage it may point to parietal cells of the stomach, the parietal bones of the skull, or the parietal lobes of the brain. The root comes from the Latin paries, meaning wall, reflecting structures that form a boundary or wall in the body.

Parietaaliset solut, or parietal cells, are secretory cells in the lining of the stomach, mainly in the fundus and body. They produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. Acid secretion is driven by the H+/K+-ATPase proton pump and is stimulated by gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine; it is inhibited by prostaglandins and somatostatin. Parietal cells contain numerous mitochondria and a tubulovesicular system that increases surface area during secretion.

Parietal bones are a pair of cranial bones forming large portions of the skull’s sides and roof. They are connected by the sagittal suture and interact with neighboring bones to protect the brain. Development occurs largely by intramembranous ossification, and the parietal bones provide attachment points for membranes and muscles, contributing to skull shape and protection.

Parietal lobes are regions of the cerebral cortex located near the top and sides of the brain. They integrate sensory information from different modalities, contribute to spatial orientation, attention, and aspects of language and praxis. Damage to the parietal lobes can cause phenomena such as sensory neglect, apraxia, or difficulties with spatial tasks.

In clinical contexts, the term parietaaliset may require specification to avoid ambiguity, since it can refer to different structures associated with the parietal region.