Paratyreoideadenom

Paratyreoideadenom refers to a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. The parathyroid glands are four small glands located in the neck, behind the thyroid gland, and their primary function is to regulate calcium levels in the blood. Paratyreoideadenomas are the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

The excess PTH secreted by the adenoma leads to elevated calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia). Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism, and thus paratyreoideadenom, can be varied and may include bone pain, kidney stones, fatigue, weakness, memory problems, and mood disturbances. In some cases, the adenoma may not cause any noticeable symptoms and is discovered incidentally during routine blood tests that reveal high calcium levels.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure calcium and PTH levels, along with imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or sestamibi scan to locate the tumor. Treatment for a symptomatic paratyreoideadenom is usually surgical removal of the affected gland. This procedure, known as parathyroidectomy, is generally curative and resolves the hyperparathyroidism. In cases where the adenoma is small and asymptomatic, observation may be considered, though surgery is often recommended to prevent future complications.