Paramagnetismissa

Paramagnetismissa is a magnetic state exhibited by certain materials in the presence of an external magnetic field. In these materials, individual atoms or molecules possess unpaired electrons, which act like tiny atomic magnets. When no external magnetic field is applied, these atomic magnets are randomly oriented, and the material shows no net magnetic moment.

However, when an external magnetic field is introduced, these atomic magnets tend to align themselves with the direction of the applied field. This alignment is not permanent and is only present as long as the external field is applied. As a result, paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to the external magnetic field. The strength of this attraction is proportional to the strength of the applied field.

Upon removal of the external magnetic field, the atomic magnets return to their random orientation, and the material loses its induced magnetism. This behavior distinguishes paramagnetism from ferromagnetism, where the magnetic alignment persists even after the external field is removed. Common examples of paramagnetic materials include aluminum, platinum, and oxygen. The study of paramagnetism is important in understanding the magnetic properties of matter and has applications in various scientific and technological fields.