Paralogiliste

Paralogiliste is a term used to describe a catalog or structured list of paralogous genes and gene families, typically compiled to represent paralogous relationships within a genome or across multiple species. Paralogous genes arise by gene duplication events and can be found in several forms, including in-paralogs (duplicates that arose after a speciation event within a lineage) and out-paralogs (duplicates that predate a speciation event). Paralogs may retain original function, diverge to subfunctionalize, or gain new functions (neofunctionalization).

Paralog lists are generated from comparative genomic analyses that combine sequence similarity, phylogenetic inference, and sometimes synteny information. Methods commonly involve all-vs-all sequence comparisons, clustering into gene families, and the construction of phylogenetic trees to distinguish paralogs from orthologs. Some resources also integrate genomic context, such as chromosomal location and gene order, to support classifications and dating of duplication events.

A typical paralog Liste includes data such as gene identifiers, species, genomic coordinates, and paralogous relationships (pairs or groups). Additional attributes may cover sequence identity, alignment statistics, proposed duplication mechanism, estimated timing, and supporting evidence or confidence scores. Many paralog lists are part of larger databases or genome annotation projects and may be presented as downloadable tables or integrated into genome browsers.

Applications of paralog lists include studying gene family evolution, understanding functional redundancy or divergence, guiding annotation transfer between species, and informing investigations into disease-associated gene families. Limitations arise from annotation quality, assembly errors, and the complexity of distinguishing paralogs from recent isoforms or allelic variants, as well as differing definitions of paralogy across studies.