Painotettujen

Painotettujen is a Finnish term that literally means “the weighted ones” and is used to refer to values, observations, or items that have been assigned weights in a calculation. The form is the genitive plural of painotettu, and it commonly appears in phrases such as painotetut arvot, painotetut tilastot, or painotetut luvut.

In statistics and data analysis, painotetut arvojen or other data points are weighted to reflect their relative importance, frequency, or the probability of selection. Weights are applied to compute quantities like the weighted mean, weighted variance, and weighted sums. In survey methodology, weighting adjusts for unequal selection probabilities or non-response, aiming to produce unbiased population estimates.

In practice, a weighted mean uses the weights w_i and values x_i in the formula: sum(w_i * x_i) divided by sum(w_i). For example, with values [2, 5, 7] and weights [1, 2, 1], the weighted mean is (1*2 + 2*5 + 1*7) / (1 + 2 + 1) = 19/4 = 4.75.

The term also appears in broader contexts where “weights” influence outcomes, such as in econometric models or machine learning discussions, where Finnish texts may refer to weights (painot) in algorithms or loss functions. Painotetut concepts emphasize that not all observations contribute equally to a result.

See also: weighted mean, weighting (tilastot), sampling weights, paino (weight).