Paharia

Paharia is a term that can refer to several distinct groups of people, primarily Indigenous communities found in India. The most commonly recognized group is the Sauria Paharia, an Adivasi community residing in the Santhal Pargana region of Jharkhand, India. They are known for their unique cultural practices and traditional way of life, often closely tied to the forest and agricultural activities. Their language is related to the Malto language.

Another group sometimes referred to as Paharia are the Maler Paharia, also indigenous to the Santhal Pargana region. While sharing some similarities with the Sauria Paharia due to geographical proximity and historical interaction, they have their own distinct cultural nuances and linguistic characteristics. The term "Paharia" itself is derived from the Hindi word "pahar," meaning mountain or hill, reflecting their traditional settlement areas in hilly and forested terrains.

Historically, these communities have faced challenges related to land rights, socio-economic development, and assimilation. Efforts have been made by various governmental and non-governmental organizations to preserve their cultural heritage and improve their living conditions. The term's usage can sometimes be broad, and it is important to distinguish between the specific communities when discussing their unique identities and issues.