Paguridae

Paguridae is a family of hermit crabs within the superfamily Paguroidea, order Decapoda. The family includes many species, with Pagurus bernhardus (the common hermit crab) among the best known. Paguridae is named for the type genus Pagurus.

Description and biology

Members have a soft, coiled abdomen tucked under a shield-like carapace. To protect the vulnerable abdomen, most species inhabit vacant gastropod shells or other hollow structures, and they frequently exchange shells as they grow. The abdomen is adapted to fit the shell, and individuals may carry their shelter while foraging or moving.

Distribution and habitat

Paguridae species occur in marine environments worldwide, from shallow intertidal zones to deep-sea habitats. They are found on rocky shores, coral reefs, and soft substrates where suitable shells or shelter are available. Many species are associated with specific substrates or communities and may show varying degrees of tolerance to salinity and temperature.

Ecology and behavior

Pagurids are typically omnivorous scavengers, feeding on algae, detritus, and small invertebrates. Shell selection and exchange are important aspects of their ecology, influencing growth and survival. Some species decorate their shells with hitchhiking organisms such as sea anemones or bryozoans, which can provide additional defense or camouflage.

Reproduction and development

Like other decapods, Paguridae reproduce sexually. Females brood eggs under the abdomen until hatching, after which the larvae enter planktonic life and undergo free-swimming stages before settling as juveniles.

Taxonomy and significance

The family’s type genus is Pagurus, and the group comprises numerous other genera. Pagurids play a role as scavengers and prey within benthic ecosystems and are relevant to studies of crustacean evolution, shell-use behavior, and reef-associated communities.