PNdióda

PN diode, often abbreviated as PNdióda, is a type of semiconductor device that utilizes the properties of a p-n junction to control electrical current. The p-n junction is formed by joining p-type and n-type semiconductor materials, which have been doped with different impurities to create an excess of holes (p-type) and an excess of electrons (n-type).

When a PN diode is forward-biased, meaning the p-type side is connected to a positive voltage and the n-type side to a negative voltage, it allows current to flow easily. This occurs because the external voltage reduces the potential barrier at the junction, enabling electrons and holes to cross it and recombine. The diode's resistance is low in this state, making it conductive.

Conversely, when a PN diode is reverse-biased, with the p-type side connected to a negative voltage and the n-type side to a positive voltage, it typically blocks the flow of current. The external voltage increases the potential barrier, preventing charge carriers from crossing the junction. However, a small leakage current may still flow due to the minority carriers.

PN diodes have a variety of applications, including rectification, signal mixing, and switching. They are fundamental components in electronic circuits, often used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and to protect circuits from voltage spikes. The characteristics of a PN diode, such as its forward voltage drop and reverse breakdown voltage, are crucial in determining its suitability for specific applications. The behavior of PN diodes is also influenced by factors like temperature and manufacturing processes.