PLEC

Plec is a common name used for a group of freshwater catfish in the family Loricariidae, often marketed in the aquarium trade as pleco or plecostomus. These fish are known for their armored bodies and a distinctive sucker mouth that allows them to attach to surfaces and feed on algae and biofilm. The term does not refer to a single species but to many species across several genera, including Hypostomus, Pterygoplichthys, Ancistrus, and others.

In the hobby, the most widely recognized species is the common pleco (Hypostomus or Pterygoplichthys plecostomus, historically listed as Plecostomus plecostomus), as well as various bristlenose plecos (Ancistrus spp.). Plecos vary considerably in size, with some species reaching over 30 cm (about 12 inches) in home aquariums, while others stay under 15 cm (6 inches). They are typically nocturnal and territorial toward conspecifics or smaller tank mates, though temperament varies by species.

Natural habitats are diverse, spanning tropical and subtropical South American rivers and floodplains. They are generally bottom-dwelling and prefer environments with good hiding places, moderate to strong water flow, and plenty of surfaces for grazing. Many plecos require a diet that includes algae, vegetables, and, for wood-eating species, driftwood.

In aquariums, plecos are valued for algae control and detracting from glass and ornaments, but they produce substantial waste and often require robust filtration and a large tank. They may need targeted care for species that demand driftwood, specific pH and temperature ranges, and space appropriate to their potential adult size. Invasive releases have created ecological concerns in non-native areas.