PAK3

PAK3, also known as p21-activated kinase 3, is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the p21-activated kinase (PAK) family. These kinases are critical regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, cell morphology, cell migration, and gene expression. PAK3 is primarily expressed in the brain, particularly in neurons.

The activity of PAK3 is regulated by Rho family GTPases, notably Cdc42. Upon activation, PAK3 plays a role in various cellular processes. In neurons, it is implicated in dendritic spine formation and maturation, which are essential for synaptic plasticity and learning. PAK3 has also been linked to neuronal polarity and axon growth.

Dysregulation of PAK3 has been associated with certain neurological disorders. Mutations in the PAK3 gene have been identified in individuals with X-linked mental retardation, suggesting a role for this kinase in cognitive development. Research is ongoing to fully understand the complex functions of PAK3 and its involvement in both normal brain function and disease states. Its role extends beyond the nervous system to other tissues where it influences cell shape and movement.