Põletusvigastused

Põletusvigastused are injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, friction, or radiation. They result in damage to the skin and underlying tissues. The severity of a burn is typically classified by its depth, affecting different layers of the skin. First-degree burns affect only the outermost layer, the epidermis, causing redness and pain. Second-degree burns extend into the dermis, leading to blisters, severe pain, and swelling. Third-degree burns penetrate the full thickness of the skin, damaging nerves and blood vessels, often resulting in a white or charred appearance with less initial pain due to nerve destruction. Fourth-degree burns extend even deeper, damaging underlying muscle, bone, or tendons.

The causes of burns are varied. Thermal burns are the most common, caused by contact with hot liquids (scalds), flames, steam, or hot objects. Chemical burns occur when corrosive substances like acids or alkalis come into contact with the skin. Electrical burns result from passage of electricity through the body. Radiation burns can be caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as sunburn, or from medical treatments like radiation therapy. Friction burns, also known as abrasions, occur from skin rubbing against a rough surface.

Treatment for burns depends on their severity and extent. Minor burns, such as first-degree burns and small second-degree burns, can often be treated at home by cooling the area, applying antibiotic ointments, and covering with a sterile dressing. Larger or deeper burns require professional medical attention. This may involve fluid resuscitation, pain management, wound debridement, skin grafting, and antibiotics to prevent infection. Prevention strategies include maintaining safe temperatures for hot liquids and foods, careful use of chemicals, electrical safety practices, and appropriate sun protection.