Oznaivanje

Oznaivanje (in standard orthography also written as oznacivanje or označavanje) is a noun used in South Slavic languages to denote the act or result of designating, marking, or labeling something with a name, symbol, or category. It derives from the verb označiti "to mark, designate" with the nominalizing suffix -ivanje, and it is employed in everyday speech as well as in technical discourse to refer to the process of assigning identifiers to objects, data, or concepts to make them identifiable and distinguishable.

In linguistic and semantic contexts, oznacivanje refers to annotation—marking texts with grammatical tags, senses, or morphological information. In information technology and data science, it means labeling datasets, images, audio, or text for training and evaluation of algorithms; quality of labeling is crucial for model performance. In cartography and geography, oznacivanje covers the labeling of maps with place names, symbols, and legends. In biology or genetics, it can describe tagging or labeling biological samples, sequences, or specimens for identification and tracking.

Labels may be nominal (names) or descriptive tags; labeling can be done manually by human annotators or automatically by software systems and machine-learning pipelines. The practice raises considerations of standardization, consistency, and, in applied contexts such as toponymy or taxonomy, potential debates over nomenclature and designation.