Ozbekistonda

Ozbekistonda, meaning “in Uzbekistan” in Uzbek, refers to the Central Asian country officially named the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is a landlocked nation bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Tajikistan to the southeast, Afghanistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Tashkent. The population is diverse, with ethnic Uzbeks forming the majority, along with Tajiks, Russians, Karakalpaks and others. The official language is Uzbek; Russian remains widely used in business and government. The country gained independence from the Soviet Union on August 31, 1991. Since 2016, Shavkat Mirziyoyev has led the government as president, overseeing economic reforms and governance changes.

Geography features include deserts such as the Kyzylkum, varied landscapes, and fertile valleys in the Fergana. Major rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya have historically supported agriculture; cotton was a traditional backbone of the economy. Since the 2010s, the economy has diversified toward energy, mining, manufacturing, agriculture, and services. Uzbekistan is rich in natural gas and gold, with projects to modernize energy generation and improve infrastructure. Tourism has grown, with historic cities along the Silk Road such as Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva drawing visitors, and UNESCO-listed sites highlighting architectural landmarks like Registan and historic madrasas.

In society, religion is diverse, with Islam as the major faith, alongside a secular government framework. Education and literacy are high, and urbanization has progressed, though rural areas remain important to cultural traditions. Uzbekistan participates regionally in organizations and has pursued reforms to attract investment and improve governance.