Ovidukt

Ovidukt, also spelled oviduct, is a duct in female reproductive anatomy that carries ova from the ovary toward the site of fertilization and, in many species, onward toward implantation. In mammals, the oviduct is commonly referred to as the fallopian tube. In birds and other egg-laying animals, the oviduct is longer and specialized to form the egg as it travels from ovulation to laying.

Anatomy: In mammals, each oviduct comprises four regions: the infundibulum with fimbriae that capture the ovulated oocyte; the ampulla, where fertilization most often occurs; the isthmus, a narrowed segment; and the intramural portion that traverses the uterus. The lining consists of ciliated and secretory cells; the beating cilia and rhythmic muscle contractions move gametes and embryos. Secretions nourish and support sperm, oocytes, and early embryos.

Function: The oviduct provides transport, creates a suitable microenvironment, and houses initial fertilization and early embryonic development before the embryo enters the uterus. In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla, and the zygote travels to the uterine cavity for implantation.

Clinical relevance: Blockage or damage of the oviducts can cause infertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Tubal infections and surgical procedures like tubal ligation alter oviduct function.

Evolution and terminology: The oviduct is present in most vertebrates; its specific structure and function vary across groups. The term "oviduct" is used in scientific and veterinary contexts, while "fallopian tube" is common in human anatomy.