Overturn

Overturn is a verb meaning to turn something so that its top faces downward, or to cause something to reverse its normal orientation. It can also function as a noun referring to the act of overturning or to something that has been overturned. In legal and policy contexts, overturn may describe the reversal of a decision or ruling by a higher authority.

In mechanical or physical contexts, overturn often implies tipping or capsizing. Vehicles, boats, or boxes may overturn when the center of gravity passes outside the base of support, due to acceleration, slope, or impact. Overturning can pose safety risks; design features such as lower centers of gravity, roll cages, and stability control reduce the likelihood of an overturn.

In legal and governmental contexts, overturn describes the reversal of a judgment, decree, or policy. Courts may overturn decisions on appeal or review, sometimes remanding the case for a new trial or issuing a declarative judgment that supersedes the prior ruling. The standards and procedures for overturning decisions vary by jurisdiction and legal tradition.

Origin and usage: the word derives from over- plus turn, with early uses in navigation, law, and engineering.