overturned

Overturned is the past participle of overturn and may function as an adjective or verb. It describes something that has been turned over, inverted, or reversed from its original orientation or state. In everyday language, an overturned object is one that lies on its side or roof after being flipped, knocked over, or displaced.

In physical and engineering contexts, overturning refers to the rotation of an object about a pivot that moves it from an upright to an inverted position. This term is used in discussions of vehicle rollovers, architectural failures, and ship stability. A vehicle that has rolled onto its side or roof is described as overturned, and in accident reports the term rollover is used as a synonym.

In law, overturned describes a court decision that has been reversed on appeal. An appellate court may overturn a lower court’s ruling, remand the case for further proceedings, or order a new trial. The process differs from upholding, which would leave the original decision in place.

In science and policy, evidence can overturn a hypothesis or theory, leading to its rejection or revision. The use of overturned emphasizes the outcome of new information contradicting a prior judgment.