Ouro

Ouro is the Portuguese word for gold. In scientific terms, gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, yellow metal that is highly malleable and ductile and an excellent conductor of electricity. Gold occurs naturally as native metal in the earth’s crust and is mined worldwide.

Physically, gold has a melting point of 1064°C and a density of about 19.3 g/cm³. It is resistant to corrosion and most acids, though it dissolves in aqua regia, a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. Gold’s rarity, color, and properties make it desirable for various industrial and decorative applications.

Common uses include jewelry, investment (bullion, coins, and bars), and electronics, where its conductivity and resistance to corrosion are valuable. Central banks hold significant quantities of gold as part of foreign exchange reserves, and gold remains a globally traded commodity and store of value.

Mining and refining involve extracting gold from ore or alluvial deposits and refining it to high purities, typically exceeding 99.9%. Leading producers include China, Australia, Russia, the United States, South Africa, and Canada. In some regions, artisanal and small-scale mining is important but can raise environmental and social concerns, such as mercury use and land disruption.

Historically, gold has played a central role in economies and cultures. It has been minted into coins, used in art and religious objects, and served as a symbol of wealth and power. While gold’s monetary role has evolved, its cultural and practical significance endures.