Ostetud

Ostetud is the Estonian past passive participle of the verb osta, meaning to buy. It is commonly translated as bought or purchased and is used as an adjective to describe items, services, or other things that have already been acquired through purchase.

Formation and usage: Ostetud is formed from the verb stem ost- with the suffix -etud. As a participle, it behaves like an adjective and agrees with the noun in number and case. It can appear in attributive position before the noun, for example ostetud auto (bought car), or predicatively after a linking verb, for example Auto on ostetud (The car has been bought).

Usage notes: In commerce and everyday language, ostetud is used to indicate that something has been purchased. It appears in catalogs, invoices, product descriptions, and other contexts where the status of ownership or procurement needs to be stated. While it expresses a past action, it functions as a descriptive qualifier rather than a standalone tense marker.

Etymology and related forms: Ostetud is derived from osta with the standard past passive participle suffix -etud. It belongs to a family of Estonian participles formed from verbs in the same way, allowing it to describe nouns in a way similar to adjectives.

See also: osta, Estonian participles, grammar of Estonian adjectives.