Oscilometría

Oscilometría is a non-invasive method used to assess respiratory mechanics. It involves applying small oscillations to the respiratory system at the airway opening and measuring the resulting pressure and flow. By analyzing the relationship between these oscillations, various parameters of the respiratory system can be determined, such as resistance and reactance.

Resistance represents the frictional forces within the airways that impede airflow. Reactance, on the other hand, reflects the elastic and inertial properties of the lungs and chest wall. Oscillometry can differentiate between these components, providing a more detailed understanding of lung function compared to traditional spirometry, which primarily measures volume and flow during forced maneuvers.

This technique is particularly useful in evaluating patients with obstructive lung diseases like asthma and COPD, where airway narrowing significantly increases resistance. It can also be employed in mechanical ventilation to monitor the patient's respiratory system response to different ventilator settings. The method is generally well-tolerated and requires minimal patient cooperation, making it suitable for a wide range of individuals, including infants and those unable to perform standard pulmonary function tests. The data obtained from oscillometry can aid in diagnosis, treatment selection, and monitoring disease progression.