Ortogoniset

Ortogoniset is a term derived from the Greek words "orthos" meaning correct or straight and "gonia" meaning angle. In geometry, it describes a relationship of perpendicularity, meaning that two lines, planes, or vectors are at a right angle to each other. This means that the angle formed by their intersection is exactly 90 degrees.

In Euclidean geometry, orthogonality is a fundamental concept. For instance, the x and y axes in a Cartesian coordinate system are orthogonal. If two lines are orthogonal, their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other. In three-dimensional space, two planes are orthogonal if a vector lying in one plane is orthogonal to a vector lying in the other plane.

The concept extends to vector spaces. Two vectors are considered orthogonal if their dot product is zero. This generalization is crucial in linear algebra and has applications in various fields such as physics, engineering, and computer graphics. For example, orthogonal transformations preserve distances and angles, making them important for rotations and reflections. The term can also be used in a more abstract sense to describe elements that are independent or uncorrelated in certain mathematical structures.