OrdersDoric

OrdersDoric, commonly known as the Doric order, is one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture. It is characterized by stout, fluted columns that stand directly on a stylobate without a base, a simple capital with an echinus and square abacus, and a plain entablature often bearing a frieze of alternating triglyphs and metopes. The overall appearance is solid and austere, with less ornament compared to the Ionic and Corinthian orders.

Origin and development of the Doric order occurred on the mainland of Greece during the Archaic period, evolving in the 7th to 6th centuries BCE. It spread with Dorian colonization to parts of southern Italy and Sicily, where notable early temples were built in the Doric style, such as Heraion temples and temples at Paestum. The Doric order was widely used for monumental temples and public buildings and influenced Roman architecture, which adapted its features for new contexts.

Architectural features of the Doric order include a fluted shaft with no base, typically around 20 flutes, a relatively plain capital with a simple echinus, and a square abacus. The entablature is divided into the architrave, a frieze with metopes and triglyphs, and a cornice. The overall proportions emphasize horizontal mass and vertical compression, contributing to the perceived strength of Doric design. In comparison to the Ionic order, Doric columns are sturdier, with a more austere capital and no scroll-like volutes.

The Doric order continued to be used in Greco-Roman architecture and was revived in Renaissance and Neoclassical architecture, where architects adapted its forms for new buildings and national styles.