Orderproduktion

Orderproduktion, or make-to-order production, is a manufacturing approach in which goods are produced in direct response to a customer order rather than forecasted demand or finished goods held in inventory. This strategy emphasizes customization, flexibility, and demand-driven planning. Production planning and scheduling are triggered by specific orders, and lead times reflect design, procurement, and manufacturing activities required to fulfill each order. It is commonly contrasted with make-to-stock production.

Common subtypes include make-to-order (MTO), engineer-to-order (ETO), and configure-to-order (CTO). In MTO, a basic product is assembled from standard components only after an order is received. ETO involves significant engineering and design work to meet unique specifications, often starting from a blank slate. CTO allows configuration of a standard platform with customer-selected options. Postponement strategies may delay final configuration to balance speed and customization.

Advantages of orderproduktion include lower finished-goods inventory, reduced risk of obsolescence, the ability to offer customized solutions, and closer alignment with actual customer demand. It can improve cash flow and reduce waste. Challenges include longer lead times and higher unit costs due to frequent setup and changeovers, capacity constraints, and the need for integrated information systems, supplier coordination, and effective change-management.

Industries with a strong emphasis on orderproduktion include aerospace, industrial equipment, machinery, medical devices, and some consumer electronics. Key performance metrics are order lead time, on-time delivery, production cycle time, and first-pass yield, along with customer satisfaction. Successful implementation relies on robust order management, flexible manufacturing capabilities, supplier collaboration, and efficient engineering processes.