Optoizolátory

Optoizolátory, also known as optical isolators or optocouplers, are electronic components that enable signal transfer between two isolated circuits using light. They consist of a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photosensitive device, typically a phototransistor, enclosed within a single package. When current flows through the LED, it emits light, which is then detected by the photosensitive device on the other side. This light transmission creates an electrical connection without any direct electrical or conductive path between the input and output circuits, providing electrical isolation.

The primary function of an optoizolátor is to protect sensitive electronic components or control systems from high voltages, voltage spikes, or electrical noise present in the other circuit. This isolation is crucial in applications where different voltage levels or signal types need to interface, such as in industrial control systems, power supplies, medical equipment, and automotive electronics. The degree of isolation is measured by the breakdown voltage rating of the optoizolátor.

Optoizolátory offer several advantages, including noise immunity, high common-mode rejection, and the ability to translate different voltage levels. They are available in various configurations, including different types of photodetectors like photodiodes, photo-SCRs, and photo-TRIACs, each suited for specific applications and switching requirements. Their compact size and relatively low cost make them a popular choice for isolation in a wide range of electronic designs.