Onkológiai

Onkológiai is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer. It encompasses medical, surgical, and radiation disciplines, as well as palliative and supportive care. In Hungarian usage, onkológiai as an adjective describes cancer-related care, for example onkológiai kezelés or onkológiai osztály.

The field relies on multidisciplinary teams that may include medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and specialized nurses, often coordinating through tumor boards and evidence-based guidelines. Diagnostic workup typically combines imaging studies, laboratory tests, histopathological examination, and increasingly molecular profiling to determine tumor type, stage, and potential targets for therapy.

Treatment modalities are diverse and frequently combined. They include surgery to remove tumors, radiotherapy to destroy malignant cells, and systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and hormone therapies. The choice of treatment depends on cancer type, stage, biology, and patient factors, and aims to cure, extend survival, or alleviate symptoms. Palliative care and supportive measures are integral to maintain quality of life throughout the disease course.

Research in onkológiai focuses on precision medicine, genomics, biomarkers, and novel therapies, including cellular and immunotherapies, to tailor treatment to individual tumors. Education and clinical trials drive improvements in outcomes, while public health strategies emphasize prevention and early detection through screening programs.