Omlás

Omlás is the Hungarian term for landslide, a mass movement of rock, soil and debris down a slope under gravity. Movements can be rapid or slow and are often triggered by saturation from rainfall, earthquakes, snowmelt, or human activities that destabilize slopes.

Mechanisms and types: translational landslides (sliding along a relatively planar surface), rotational landslides or slumps (around a curved surface), rockfalls, debris flows (debris flows include water-rich mixtures), and debris slides.

Causes and contributing factors: slope angle, material properties, pore-water pressure, weathering, vegetation removal, loading changes (construction), seismic shaking.

Impact and risk: hazard to life and property; hazards to roads, pipelines, and settlements; risk assessment used for land-use planning.

Mitigation and monitoring: drainage improvement, slope stabilization (retaining walls, soil nails, rock bolts), revegetation, controlled blasting to relieve stress, zoning, early warning via rainfall thresholds, inclinometer networks, satellite monitoring, and remote sensing.