Omadusvorme

Omadusvorme is the term used in Estonian linguistics for the set of morphological forms that express properties or attributes of nouns. The category covers adjectives, participles derived from verbs when they function as modifiers, and certain numerals used as adjectives. These forms describe qualities such as color, size, or other attributes and can appear in noun phrases or as part of predicate constructions.

In use, omadusvormid generally agree with the head noun in number and case, and they do not reflect gender in Estonian. They participate in the language’s inflectional system by taking different forms across cases and numbers, and they also have degreed forms for comparatives and superlatives. Adjectives and participles can occur in attributive position directly before the noun (for example, a red car) or in predicative position after linking verbs, describing the subject.

Common functions include describing physical properties (color, size), inherent qualities (quality, shape), and relative or relational attributes (ownership, origin) when expressed through modifiers. Numerals functioning as adjectives also fall under omadusvorme, contributing to the description of the noun.

From a grammatical perspective, omadusvorme interact with other word classes through agreement rules and predication patterns. Their study helps explain how Estonian marks properties within noun phrases and how attributes contribute to meaning in sentences. The topic is a standard part of Estonian grammar references, such as comprehensive grammars and descriptive grammars used in teaching and linguistic analysis.