OldAge

Old age is a life stage commonly associated with increasing chronological age, decreasing physical ability, and changes in social roles. There is no single age that defines old age; many definitions use 65 years as a threshold, but biology and function vary. Old age encompasses biological aging, psychosocial changes, and the experience of retirement or reduced work.

Globally, the proportion of people aged 65 and older is rising due to longer life expectancy and lower birth rates, a trend called population aging. This shift affects economies, health systems, and housing. It also alters dependency ratios, increasing demand for medical and long-term care.

Health considerations include higher risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative conditions, and sensory impairments. Functional ability, independence, and social participation are important determinants of quality of life. Preventive care, vaccinations, physical activity, and social connections help maintain well-being in older age.

Care and policy: Many societies provide pensions and long-term care services, ranging from home-based support to residential facilities. Policy debates focus on sustainability of pension systems, integration of care workers, and elder abuse prevention. Accessibility and age-friendly design aim to enable aging in place.

Cultural perspectives: Attitudes toward old age vary, with some cultures valuing elder wisdom, others emphasizing youth. Research in gerontology studies aging across biological, psychological, and social dimensions. Ethical considerations include autonomy, dignity, and consent in care, and ensuring equal access regardless of age.