Oclacitinib

Oclacitinib is a small molecule medication in the class of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors used primarily in veterinary medicine. It is marketed under the brand name Apoquel and developed by Zoetis. The drug acts as a selective inhibitor of JAK1, reducing signaling of cytokines such as interleukin-31 (IL-31) and others involved in itch and inflammation. By dampening these pathways, oclacitinib provides rapid relief from pruritus in dogs with allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.

Oclacitinib is administered orally as tablets and is typically dosed according to the animal's weight. It is intended for short-term and ongoing control of itch and inflammation as part of a broader management plan, including environmental management and, where appropriate, allergen-specific therapies.

It is not approved for use in humans and is generally restricted to dogs. The safety profile in dogs is generally favorable, but adverse effects can occur. Reported events include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, decreased appetite, and transient changes in blood work. Infections such as otitis or urinary tract infections have been observed, reflecting the drug's immunomodulatory effects.

Oclacitinib should be used with caution in dogs with active infections or those receiving other immunosuppressive treatments.

Regulatory status: In the United States, oclacitinib was approved for canine use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2013 for management of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. It is not approved for veterinary use in other species or for human medicine.