Närimiskummi

Närimiskummi, often referred to as chewing gum, is a soft, cohesive substance intended to be chewed but not swallowed. It is composed of a gum base, sweeteners, flavorings, softeners, and sometimes colorings and fillings. The gum base is the non-nutritive, insoluble component that provides the chewable texture, typically made from synthetic polymers, waxes, and resins. Sweeteners, such as sugar or artificial sweeteners, are added for taste, while flavorings provide the desired aroma and palate experience. Softeners help maintain the gum's pliability.

Historically, humans have chewed various natural gums and resins for pleasure and hygiene. Modern chewing gum emerged in the mid-19th century with the development of vulcanized rubber and later synthetic gum bases. Its popularity grew through mass production and marketing.

Närimiskummi serves several purposes. Primarily, it is used for enjoyment and as a palate freshener. Many varieties are sugar-free, containing artificial sweeteners like xylitol, which can also contribute to dental health by reducing plaque formation and preventing cavities. Some chewing gums are also used for therapeutic purposes, such as aiding in smoking cessation or managing dry mouth. The act of chewing itself can also have a calming effect for some individuals. When chewed, the gum base is released, carrying the flavor and sweeteners, which are gradually depleted over time. The remaining gum base is typically discarded after its flavor is exhausted.