Nyomásdilatáció

Nyomásdilatáció, also known as pressure dilation or volume dilation under pressure, is a phenomenon observed in certain materials where an increase in applied hydrostatic pressure leads to an increase in their volume. This behavior is counterintuitive to most common materials, which typically compress under hydrostatic pressure.

This effect is often associated with materials exhibiting negative thermal expansion or having complex microstructures. For instance, some crystalline structures, like certain metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or clathrates, can undergo significant volume expansion when subjected to pressure. The mechanism often involves the rearrangement of the material's internal structure, such as the opening of pores or the change in bond angles, which can effectively increase the overall volume despite the external compressive force.

Nyomásdilatáció has been investigated for its potential applications in areas like pressure sensors, actuators, and tunable optical devices. Understanding and controlling this phenomenon is crucial for designing materials with specific responses to pressure variations. It is a subject of ongoing research in condensed matter physics and materials science. The phenomenon is distinct from the more common observation of compressibility, where volume decreases with increasing pressure.