Nyiroködéma

Nyiroködéma is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues, leading to swelling. This typically occurs when the lymphatic system, which is responsible for draining this fluid, is damaged or blocked. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that play a crucial role in the immune system and fluid balance.

There are two main types of nyiroködéma: primary and secondary. Primary nyiroködéma is a rare, inherited condition caused by genetic abnormalities affecting the development of the lymphatic vessels. Secondary nyiroködéma is far more common and arises from damage to a previously healthy lymphatic system. Causes of secondary nyiroködéma include surgery, particularly cancer treatments involving lymph node removal or radiation therapy, infections that damage lymphatic vessels, and trauma. Certain medical conditions like chronic venous insufficiency can also contribute.

The most noticeable symptom of nyiroködéma is swelling, often in an arm or leg, though it can affect other parts of the body. The affected area may feel heavy or tight, and the skin might become thickened or hardened. In some cases, recurrent infections, pain, and reduced mobility can also occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination to assess the swelling and its characteristics. Medical history, including previous surgeries or treatments, is also important. Imaging techniques like lymphoscintigraphy or MRI can help visualize the lymphatic system and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for nyiroködéma focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications, as there is currently no cure. Complete decongestive therapy (CDT) is the gold standard and involves manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy (bandages or garments), exercise, and meticulous skin care to prevent infections. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including weight management and avoiding prolonged immobility, is also beneficial.