Nrf3

Nrf3 is a transcription factor, a type of protein that regulates gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences. It is a member of the Cap 'n' Collar (CNC) family of transcription factors, which includes other proteins such as Nrf1 and Nrf2. These transcription factors play a key role in regulating the antioxidant response to oxidative stress.

The human Nrf3 gene encodes a protein that is widely expressed in most tissues and cells. It is closely related to Nrf2, with which it shares a high degree of sequence identity. However, Nrf3 has distinct functional characteristics, including a shorter and more basic forms that distinguish it from Nrf2.

Research has shown that Nrf3 plays a role in the regulation of energy metabolism, cell growth, and differentiation. It is also involved in the response to various forms of stress, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. Nrf3 acts by binding to specific DNA sequences and recruiting coactivators that promote the expression of target genes.

Studies in mice and cell culture models have demonstrated that Nrf3 is required for the proper regulation of several genes involved in antioxidant defense, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations in the Nrf3 gene have been associated with developmental abnormalities and increased susceptibility to disease.

Overall, Nrf3 is an essential transcription factor that plays a vital role in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli. Its activities are closely linked to other Nrf proteins, and dysregulation of Nrf3 function has been implicated in various diseases.