Noruz

Noruz, also spelled Nowruz, is the traditional Persian New Year celebrated primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and parts of the Indian subcontinent, including the Parsis of India and Pakistan. The festival marks the beginning of spring and the renewal of nature, symbolizing rebirth and the triumph of light over darkness. Noruz is celebrated on the first day of the Iranian calendar, which typically falls on or around March 20th, coinciding with the vernal equinox.

The origins of Noruz date back over 3,000 years to ancient civilizations such as the Persians, Babylonians, and Medes. It was later adopted by various cultures in Central and South Asia, blending elements of Zoroastrianism, Islam, and local traditions. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) officially recognized Noruz as part of the world’s intangible cultural heritage in 2009, highlighting its universal values of peace, renewal, and unity.

Noruz celebrations span two weeks, culminating in the main festivities on the first day. Central to the tradition is the *haft-sin* table, a symbolic spread of seven items beginning with the Persian letter *sin*, each representing renewal and prosperity. Common items include *sabzeh* (sprouted wheat or lentils), symbolizing rebirth; *samanu* (a sweet wheat pudding) for fertility; *senjed* (a type of fruit) for love; *sir* (garlic) for health; *somaq* (sumac berries) for the spicy taste of life; *sib* (apple) for beauty; and *sekkeh* (coins) for wealth. Other decorations include mirrors, candles, and flowers like roses and tulips.

Family gatherings, visiting relatives, and exchanging gifts are integral to Noruz. The festival also emphasizes forgiveness, reconciliation, and community service. In many regions, children receive *eftabi* (a small gift or money) from elders, while adults share meals and participate in traditional games like *berfi* (a type of tug-of-war). The celebrations reflect a shared cultural heritage, fostering unity across diverse societies.