Norrbotten

Norrbotten, or Norrbottens län, is the northernmost county of Sweden, occupying most of Swedish Lapland. It borders Finland to the east and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and north. Covering about 98,000 square kilometers, it is the largest county by area in Sweden. The county seat is Luleå, and major towns include Kiruna, Boden, Piteå, Gällivare and Jokkmokk.

Geography and climate vary from boreal forests in the south to Arctic landscapes in the far north. The Lule River and the long Baltic coast are notable features, and the region includes areas such as Abisko National Park. The climate is subarctic, with long winters and relatively short summers; at higher latitudes there are polar night in winter and the midnight sun in summer.

Economy is driven by natural resources and energy. Key activities include iron ore mining in Kiruna and the Malmfälten area, with ore transported by rail to the ports on the Baltic Sea; forestry and hydroelectric power also play important roles. The region is served by rail connections such as the Iron Ore Line and by regional airports in Luleå and Kiruna, supported by an arctic tourism sector.

Demographically and culturally, Norrbotten has a significant Sámi presence, with reindeer herding traditions and Sámi languages maintained in parts of the region. The educational institution landscape includes Luleå University of Technology. Tourism emphasizes winter activities, northern landscapes, and opportunities to view the Northern Lights.

Administration is conducted by the County Administrative Board and a regional council, with municipalities handling local services. The county is a key part of Sweden’s northern and indigenous cultural and economic landscape.