Normations

Normations are a concept in theoretical linguistics that refers to the process by which speakers of a language unconsciously adjust their speech to conform to perceived norms or standards of correctness or prestige. This adjustment can involve changes in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. The idea of normation suggests that language use is not entirely spontaneous but is influenced by social factors and a desire to be perceived as a competent or proper speaker.

The concept is closely related to sociolinguistics, particularly the study of language variation and change. Normations can occur at both individual and community levels. An individual might consciously or unconsciously alter their speech patterns to sound more like a particular social group or to avoid stigmatized features. Over time, these individual adjustments can contribute to broader linguistic shifts within a speech community.

The perceived norms that drive normations can be diverse. They might be based on the speech of educated elites, a particular regional dialect, or even idealized or prescriptive rules taught in educational settings. The process is often subconscious, meaning speakers are not actively aware they are making these changes. However, the driving force is often a desire for social acceptance or a sense of linguistic identity. Understanding normations helps explain how languages evolve and how social attitudes towards different ways of speaking can shape linguistic practices.