Nikkelikromiteräs

Nikkelikromiteräs, often referred to as stainless steel, is a group of iron-based alloys containing a minimum of 10.5% chromium. This chromium content is key to its characteristic corrosion resistance, as it forms a passive oxide layer on the surface when exposed to oxygen. Nickel is another common alloying element, typically present in amounts ranging from 8% to 12%, which further enhances corrosion resistance, improves ductility, and increases strength at high temperatures.

The properties of nikkelikromiteräs can be varied by adjusting the amounts of chromium, nickel, and other alloying elements such as molybdenum, titanium, or nitrogen. This allows for a wide range of stainless steels tailored for specific applications. For instance, the addition of molybdenum improves resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, particularly in chloride-rich environments.

The most common types of nikkelikromiteräs include austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and duplex stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steels, like the widely used 304 grade (often called 18/8 due to its approximate 18% chromium and 8% nickel content), are non-magnetic and offer excellent formability and weldability. Ferritic grades are magnetic and generally less expensive, suitable for applications where high strength is not critical. Martensitic stainless steels can be hardened by heat treatment and are used for tools and cutlery. Duplex stainless steels combine properties of both austenitic and ferritic structures, offering high strength and good corrosion resistance.

Nikkelikromiteräs is widely used across numerous industries due to its durability, aesthetic appeal, and resistance to rust and staining. Common applications include kitchenware, cutlery, architectural components, automotive parts, chemical processing equipment, and medical instruments. Its recyclability also makes it an environmentally sustainable material.