NickelChromium

Nickel-chromium, commonly known as Nichrome, is a family of nickel–chromium alloys used primarily for resistive heating elements. The most familiar grade contains about 80% nickel and 20% chromium, although other compositions vary in nickel and chromium content and may include small amounts of iron to adjust ductility and strength. The alloy is produced in wires, ribbons, and foils.

Nickel-chromium alloys are valued for relatively high electrical resistivity and good stability at elevated temperatures. Chromium forms a protective oxide layer that reduces oxidation during heating, allowing Nichrome heating elements to operate in air at high temperatures for extended periods. The alloys also retain strength at elevated temperatures and exhibit relatively low creep compared with pure metals, though they can become brittle at very low temperatures.

Formed into coils or straight wires, Nichrome serves as the resistive element in many heating devices. It is widely used in household appliances such as toasters, hair dryers, and electric ovens, as well as in industrial furnaces, kilns, and laboratory heating mantles. The composition can be tuned to balance resistance, ductility, and workability for a given application.

Notes: Nichrome is not a universal corrosion-resistant material and may not withstand aggressive chemical environments. It remains relatively inexpensive and easy to fabricate into complex shapes, which underpins its widespread use as a heating element material.