Neutralgeleiders

Neutralgeleiders, or neutral conductors, are electrical conductors that carry the return current in an electrical installation and establish a reference potential for the system. In most alternating-current power networks, the neutral conductor connects the load back to the transformer's neutral point, completing the circuit. Because it carries current during normal operation, the neutral differs from the protective earth conductor, which provides a low-impedance path for fault currents and equipment bonding rather than serving as a continuous current return path.

In many countries the neutral is bonded to earth at the service entry, creating a reference point for the installation and helping to limit voltage differences between equipment grounding and the neutral. The neutral can carry current when loads are unbalanced across phases; under balanced conditions the current on the neutral is reduced or near zero. This behavior is a fundamental aspect of how multi‑phase electrical systems distribute load and maintain stable voltages.

Construction and coding: Neutral conductors are typically insulated wires made of copper or aluminum. Color coding varies by region; in many European systems the neutral is blue, while other standards may use white or gray for neutral. The cross‑section is selected to carry the expected return current and is protected by overcurrent devices in the distribution path.

Safety and usage: Neutral conductors are integral to the safe and correct operation of electrical installations. Damaged neutrals can cause abnormal voltages or shock hazards, and improper bonding or disconnection of the neutral can lead to safety issues. Neutral wiring should be designed, installed, and maintained according to applicable electrical codes.

See also: earth (ground), live conductor, electrical wiring.